The Role of telovelar approach in fourth ventricular surgery: a new perspective.

Experiences with the telovelar approach to fourth ventricular tumors in children.

BACKGROUND Fourth ventricular tumors are amongst the most common tumors in the pediatric population. Traditionally, these tumors are approached through the cerebellar vermis, but the telovelar approach is now becoming widespread. Posterior fossa syndrome/cerebellar mutism is a complication of surgery for fourth ventricular tumors whose precise cause remains elusive, but may be related to the su...

Bilateral telovelar approach: A safe route revisited for resections of various large fourth ventricle tumors

BACKGROUND Tumors located in the posterior fossa and especially in the middle and upper fourth ventricle are comparatively rare and technically very challenging. For some lesions, the telovelar approach has been shown to be a suitable approach. The unilateral approach is sufficient in most cases of small lesions. However, large fourth ventricle tumors are more problematic since they distort the...

Retractless Transvermian versus Telovelar Approach for Excision of Pediatric Fourth Ventricular Tumors: Surgical Technique, Clinical Outcome and Cerebellar Mutism

Accessing the recesses of the fourth ventricle: comparison of tonsillar retraction and resection in the telovelar approach.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of the telovelar approach with tonsillar manipulation for approaching the recesses of the fourth ventricle. METHODS A telovelar approach was performed in 8 injected cadaveric heads. Areas of exposure were measured for the superolateral and lateral recesses. Horizontal angles were evaluated by targeting the cerebral aqueduct and medial margin of the later...

A new approach to detect Life threatening cardiac arrhythmias using Sequential spectrum of Electrocardiogram signals

This study evaluates the discriminative power of sequential spectrum analysis of the short-term electrocardiogram (ECG) time series in separating normal and subjects with life threatening arrhythmias like, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). The raw ECG time series is transformed into a series of binary symbols and the binary occupancy or relative distribution of mono-sequences (i.e. ...